32 - 40  Chemical Evolution
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Chemical evolution is concerned with the genesis of basic building blocks for vitally essential molecules (amino acids), and with the development of biologically active molecules from these building blocks (proteins). It is not known how these proteins could have combined to form living cells.


The primordial soup theory:

According to conventional doctrine, the initial cells (the first form of life) supposedly developed spontaneously in a liquid known as primordial soup, in which all chemical substances required for its development were present. In the field of evolutionary biology, scientists make no attempt to explain the various primordial soup theories. They argue that the development of the first cell has nothing to do with evolution. This is the reason the title of this work Ninety-five Theses Against Evolution was chosen.
 

Reproducible results:
 
Various prebiotic conditions can be simulated in the laboratory and associated reactions studied. Any chemist can reproduce the results. The results concerning the primordial soup theory are extremely disillusioning. Among others, it has been observed that in an aqueous primordial soup and/or atmosphere containing oxygen, long chains of molecules never form. The water decomposes the molecules immediately and as soon as they encounter oxygen, they oxidize.


32 Vivum ex vivo
33 The Miller Experiment
34 DNA  (Desoxyribonucleic Acid)
35 Polymer Chemistry
36 Chirality
37 Folding of Proteins
38 Addressing of Proteins
39 Production of Proteins
40 Cell-Internal Control Mechanisms



32 Vivum ex vivo

  “Omne vivum ex vivo” (all life comes from life) – Louis Pasteur’s statement has not been disproved to date.


33 The Miller Experiment

  Hundreds of so-called Miller experiments (primordial soup simulations) have been unable to explain or prove the accidental genesis of life.


34 DNA  (Desoxyribonucleic Acid)

  Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that a chance origin of DNA under primordial soup conditions, and without a supporting matrix as provided by a living cell, is impossible.


35 Polymer Chemistry

  Since a hypothetical primordial soup would certainly have contained water it is impossible that long amino acid chains, let alone complete proteins, could have been formed.


36 Chirality

  Since only left-turning amino acids can be used to build living cells, the genesis of cells by chance is unthinkable.


37 Folding of Proteins

  The correct folding of proteins is an information-controlled process that cannot occur by chance.


38 Addressing of Proteins

  It is unthinkable that a random process could generate the correct addressing of proteins in the cells.


39 Production of Proteins

  The mechanism that starts and stops the production of proteins in each cell has to function properly from the very beginning.


40 Cell-Internal Control Mechanisms

  The intracellular control mechanisms act counter to any transspecific development due to the fact that life is basically geared towards maintenance of the existing proteins (stasis).



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